Archaeological investigation is the basis of the chia of various high-speed railway and expressway projects in the initial stage. Heritage impact assessment mainly aims at the development plan of the cultural relics and other action specific assessment of the potential impact of the work, combined with the United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization and the international council on monuments sites related documents, all related to cultural relics (cultural heritage), including ontology and the surrounding environment (protection scope, the construction control area; Core zone, buffer), all kinds of development plans, construction activities, land use or other development activities, both heritage impact assessment means and methods, should be taken to the understanding of cultural relics value (heritage of outstanding universal value), the interpretation of the authenticity and the cultural value internal relations, assess the potential effect of all direct and indirect, negative impact on slow design play an important role.
The current laws, rules, regulations, documents, clear requirements to carry out impact assessment work of cultural relics of restricted to "about strengthening the construction of basic engineering of the archaeological work guidance" (2007), the national archaeological site park management measure (trial) "(2011) and the state administration of cultural heritage of the provincial and national key units of cultural relics protection within the scope of protection of other construction projects or blasting, drilling and mining, the examination and approval", "national key cultural relics protection unit for examination and approval of construction engineering design construction control area".
Article 29 of the law of the People's Republic of China on the protection of cultural relics stipulates that "in carrying out large-scale capital construction projects, the construction unit shall, in advance, submit a report to the administrative department of cultural relics under the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government to organize the unit engaged in archaeological excavation to carry out archaeological investigation and exploration in places within the scope of the project where cultural relics may be buried. Archaeological investigation is to consult literatures, carry out field survey, collect specimens, make writing, drawing and photographic records, and propose exploration or archaeological excavation plans for the purpose of understanding the ancient cultural relics above and below ground.
1. Impact factors were preliminarily confirmed by archaeological investigation
TaZha based on the ground, regional archaeological investigation and archaeological survey based on the archaeological survey work is the foundation of heritage impact assessment work, for the identification of construction engineering and the relationship between the ontology of cultural relics, clarify the ontology of cultural relics, confirm elements plays an important role, especially clear surrounding environment factor contribution to the importance and uniqueness of the site, the reconsideration of place spirit is of great significance. For impact assessment in terms of cultural relics, archaeological survey in addition to protection of cultural relics ontology profile, clarify the protection of cultural relics ontology elements, regionalization, analyzing its present situation and the surrounding environment, through archaeological investigation of such as fault, collapse, ground subsidence, geological disaster factors, surface water resource distribution, soil erosion, soil pollution, the situation of animals and plants and the ecological and landscape environment information is one of the important factor of influence of cultural relics, such sensitive factors such as cultural relics related to cultural relics protection division, is easy to reflect the core value of cultural relics relics landscape environment or influence on the cultural relics preservation environment, which influence the safety of cultural relics.
2. It is confirmed through investigation that the area may be affected
For site distribution centers or regional archaeological ruins group to carry out the investigation, except can discern ruins cultural properties, distribution area outside, still can further clarify small ruins, ruins group, large sites of social hierarchy (center) and the mutual connection, the introduction of the concept of ruins group for system evaluation of large construction projects, especially linear engineering such as railway, highway construction has very important significance to the influence that the ontology of cultural relics, in the perspective of global, holistic review on the relationship between the site and project construction, on the one hand can largely avoid due to ensure the safety of a particular site across the site group of integrity, On the other hand, reasonable construction improvement measures can be put forward in advance under the broad vision of the site group, so as to achieve a win-win situation between the protection of cultural relics and the construction of the project.
3. Identify cultural relics and landscape view corridors through archaeological investigation
For single large sites or sites, especially the early stage of the basic work is not sufficient archaeological site impact assessment work of cultural relics archaeological investigations should be conducted as an important means of technical support, in addition to identify sites protection on the basis of existing materials, construction control zone, or core, buffer, should focus on identifying related to cultural relics of ontology such as the burial area, workshop area, the handicraft industry raw material area, drainage, irrigation facilities, farmland and other affiliated facilities, in particular area and the surrounding environment of the site should be paid attention to whether there is inner link, To avoid damaging the historical environment pattern such as living area and sacrificial area, ancient architecture (tomb) and wangshan, site and mountain water body, the influencing factors such as visual field, contour, skyline, landscape, visual corridor, public space, site spirit and local emotion should be included in the survey scope.
In conclusion, the impact factors can be preliminarily confirmed through archaeological investigation, the area that may be affected can be confirmed through investigation, and the cultural relic body and landscape view gallery can be identified through archaeological investigation. Archaeological investigation is the basis of the chia of various high-speed railway and expressway projects in the initial stage.